Biblioteca Digital de la Universidad de La Frontera

Universidad de La Frontera

Biblioteca Digital

Búsqueda Avanzada

	#	Tipo	Tamaño
	1	PDF	1.69 MB

#1727

Comparison of flavonoid contents between wild populations and cultivated ecotypes of murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz) and their role on insect-plant interactions

Tesis

387

85

Título

Comparison of flavonoid contents between wild populations and cultivated ecotypes of murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz) and their role on insect-plant interactions

Autor

Chacón Fuentes, Manuel Alejandro

Profesor Guía

Quiroz Cortés, Eduardo

Año

2016

Carrera

Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales

Grado Académico

Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales

Editorial

Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

Resumen

Plant domestication is a co-evolutionary process that starts around 13,000 years ago. In this process plants were artificial selected according to the human society needs. In this framework, plant were increasing their productive traits (size, shape and color) in detrimental to their chemical defenses. This effect was so-called domestication syndrome. Currently, there is a native berry from Chile that started a domestication process near to 20 years ago. This shrub is murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz.), this plant have been particularly studied due to their higher antioxidant activity because flavonoid contents. In this sense, murtilla under a domestication process can be affected by domestication syndrome. Hence, we evaluated the effect of domestication on flavonoid concentration and how it affects the insect-plant interaction and the behavior of a native herbivore insect Chilesia rudis Butler. In the first step, seven ecotypes cultivated in the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) and their respective wild counterparts were selected for carried out an insect survey and sampling of leaves, stems and fruits sampling for flavonoid analysis by High Performace Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the feeding preference of C. rudis was also evaluated in choice and no-choice assays. In the second step, cutting from the same cultivated and wild plants were growing and acclimating for a year and then, were established in a common garden for standarizing environmental factors. In the third step, a reciprocal transplant experiment was carried out for evaluating the plasticity about flavonoid contents of wild murtilla plants when they were move to a cultivated system and visceversa. Finally, the effect of a specific enzyme flavonol synthase (FLS) was evaluated through enzymatic assays for all seven cultivated plants and their respective wild counterparts. Results obtained in the first step showed a higher number of insects in wild plants than cultivated. Furthermore, a decrease in four flavonoids –quercetin, kaempferol rutin and quercetin glycoside- in all seven cultivated ecotypes were observed. In addition, feeding behavior of C. rudis developed a preference behavior to wild plants in relation to cultivated ecotypes. Results obtained in the second step (common garden experiment) showed that the flavonoid content was lower in cultivated plants than wild plants. Moreover, the insect assemblages and the feeding behavior of C. rudis were higher in cultivated plants than wild plants. In the third experiment (reciprocal transplant), we showed an increase of flavonoid concentrations for cultivated plants when they were transplanted to wild location. On the contrary, when wild plants were transplanted to a cultivated system a decrease in their flavonoid content was observed. Finally, a higher enzymatic activity of FLS was observed in three wild plants than to their respective cultivated counterparts. The first experiment showed that the chemical defense –flavonoidswas decreased in cultivated plants and the insect communities were increased. Hence, the domestication effect can be not determined in this experiment because of the different environmental conditions involved in this approach. Nevertheless, The domestication effect was determined in murtilla plants subjected to a common garden experiment. Finally, murtilla plants show plasticity in the recovering flavonoid contents in a reciprocal transplant experiment. Because of Ugni molinae domestication is a dynamic and continuous process, this thesis is useful for enlarge the knowledge and their application in agricultural management and breeding programs.

Idioma

Español

Descripción

viii, 141 hojas ; gráficos, figuras

Derechos de Autor

Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional.

Titular derechos de autor

Universidad de La Frontera, Dirección de Bibliotecas y Recursos de Información

Creative Commons

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Materia

Murtilla

Materia

Murta

Materia

Ugni molinae Turcz

Materia

Flavonoides

Materia

Lepidópteros

Materia

Plantas cultivadas

Materia

Plantas silvestres

Materia

Chilesia rudis (Butler)

Materia

Recursos Naturales

Materia

Chile

Tipo de Documento

Tesis

Catalogador

NG
dc.title

Comparison of flavonoid contents between wild populations and cultivated ecotypes of murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz) and their role on insect-plant interactions

dc.creator

Chacón Fuentes, Manuel Alejandro

dc.contributor.advisor

Quiroz Cortés, Eduardo

dc.date

2016

dc.contributor.carrera

Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales

dc.description.grado

Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales

dc.publisher

Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

dc.description.abstract

Plant domestication is a co-evolutionary process that starts around 13,000 years ago. In this process plants were artificial selected according to the human society needs. In this framework, plant were increasing their productive traits (size, shape and color) in detrimental to their chemical defenses. This effect was so-called domestication syndrome. Currently, there is a native berry from Chile that started a domestication process near to 20 years ago. This shrub is murtilla (Ugni molinae Turcz.), this plant have been particularly studied due to their higher antioxidant activity because flavonoid contents. In this sense, murtilla under a domestication process can be affected by domestication syndrome. Hence, we evaluated the effect of domestication on flavonoid concentration and how it affects the insect-plant interaction and the behavior of a native herbivore insect Chilesia rudis Butler. In the first step, seven ecotypes cultivated in the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) and their respective wild counterparts were selected for carried out an insect survey and sampling of leaves, stems and fruits sampling for flavonoid analysis by High Performace Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the feeding preference of C. rudis was also evaluated in choice and no-choice assays. In the second step, cutting from the same cultivated and wild plants were growing and acclimating for a year and then, were established in a common garden for standarizing environmental factors. In the third step, a reciprocal transplant experiment was carried out for evaluating the plasticity about flavonoid contents of wild murtilla plants when they were move to a cultivated system and visceversa. Finally, the effect of a specific enzyme flavonol synthase (FLS) was evaluated through enzymatic assays for all seven cultivated plants and their respective wild counterparts. Results obtained in the first step showed a higher number of insects in wild plants than cultivated. Furthermore, a decrease in four flavonoids –quercetin, kaempferol rutin and quercetin glycoside- in all seven cultivated ecotypes were observed. In addition, feeding behavior of C. rudis developed a preference behavior to wild plants in relation to cultivated ecotypes. Results obtained in the second step (common garden experiment) showed that the flavonoid content was lower in cultivated plants than wild plants. Moreover, the insect assemblages and the feeding behavior of C. rudis were higher in cultivated plants than wild plants. In the third experiment (reciprocal transplant), we showed an increase of flavonoid concentrations for cultivated plants when they were transplanted to wild location. On the contrary, when wild plants were transplanted to a cultivated system a decrease in their flavonoid content was observed. Finally, a higher enzymatic activity of FLS was observed in three wild plants than to their respective cultivated counterparts. The first experiment showed that the chemical defense –flavonoidswas decreased in cultivated plants and the insect communities were increased. Hence, the domestication effect can be not determined in this experiment because of the different environmental conditions involved in this approach. Nevertheless, The domestication effect was determined in murtilla plants subjected to a common garden experiment. Finally, murtilla plants show plasticity in the recovering flavonoid contents in a reciprocal transplant experiment. Because of Ugni molinae domestication is a dynamic and continuous process, this thesis is useful for enlarge the knowledge and their application in agricultural management and breeding programs.

dc.language

Español

dc.physicaldescription

viii, 141 hojas ; gráficos, figuras

dc.rights

Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional.

dc.rights.holder

Universidad de La Frontera, Dirección de Bibliotecas y Recursos de Información

dc.rights.uri

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

dc.subject

Murtilla

dc.subject

Murta

dc.subject

Ugni molinae Turcz

dc.subject

Flavonoides

dc.subject

Lepidópteros

dc.subject

Plantas cultivadas

dc.subject

Plantas silvestres

dc.subject

Chilesia rudis (Butler)

dc.subject

Recursos Naturales

dc.subject

Chile

dc.type

Tesis

dc.ufro.catalogador

NG